Last update :
19/11/2024
References   References 3401  
Type : Journal
Web link : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpt.12035/abstract

Research teams : Kuopio - Kuopio University Hospital
Authors : Helin-Tanninen, M., Lehtonen, M., Naaranlahti, T., Ven?l?inen, T., Pentik?inen, J., Laatikainen, A., Kokki, H.
Title : Stability of an epidural analgesic admixture of levobupivacaine, fentanyl and epinephrine.
Reference : J Clin Pharm Ther ;38, 2: 104-108 2013

Level of Evidence : 
Level of evidence D
Physical stability : 
Visual examination 
Chemical stability : 
High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Diode Array detector (HPLD-DAD)
Stability defined as 90% of the initial concentration
Other methods : 
PH measurement Water loss by evaporation 
Comments : 
Unencrypted results (eg graphic)
No comments for the degradation products
Unencrypted results (eg graphic)

List of drugs
injectionEpinephrine hydrochloride Sympathomimetic
Factors which affect stability Storage Light Induces Degradation
injectionFentanyl citrate Analgesic
injectionLevobupivacaine hydrochloride Local anesthetic
Stability of mixtures
Not specified None 20-24°C Protect from light
injection Epinephrine hydrochloride 2 µg/ml
injection Fentanyl citrate 4,1 µg/ml
injection Levobupivacaine hydrochloride 0,56 mg/ml
40 Day
Not specified None 20-24°C With or without light
injection Levobupivacaine hydrochloride 0,56 mg/ml
injection Fentanyl citrate 4,1 µg/ml
60 Day
Not specified None 20-24°C Light
injection Epinephrine hydrochloride 2 µg/ml
injection Fentanyl citrate 4,1 µg/ml
injection Levobupivacaine hydrochloride 0,56 mg/ml
48 Hour
Not specified None 4-8°C Protect from light
injection Fentanyl citrate 4,1 µg/ml
injection Epinephrine hydrochloride 2 µg/ml
injection Levobupivacaine hydrochloride 0,56 mg/ml
60 Day
Not specified None 4-8°C Protect from light
injection Levobupivacaine hydrochloride 0,56 mg/ml
injection Fentanyl citrate 4,1 µg/ml
60 Day

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