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References   References 1875  
Type : Journal
Research teams : Oslo - The National Hospital (Rikshospitalet), The National Hospital Pharmacy
Authors : Kjonniksen I, Brustugun J, Breivik H, Anderssen E, Klem W.
Title : Stability of an epidural analgesic solution containing adrenaline, bupivacaine and fentanyl.
Reference : Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 44: 864-867. 2000
Level of Evidence : 
Level of evidence B
Physical stability : 
Chemical stability : 
High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Diode Array detector (HPLD-DAD)
Stability defined as 95% of the initial concentration
Other methods : 
PH measurement 
Comments : 
No visual inspection
List of drugs
injectionBupivacaine hydrochloride Local anesthetic
injectionEpinephrine hydrochloride Sympathomimetic
injectionFentanyl citrate Analgesic
Stability of mixtures
Polypropylene None 22°C Light
injection Epinephrine hydrochloride 2 µg/ml
injection Fentanyl citrate 2 µg/ml
injection Bupivacaine hydrochloride 1 mg/ml
180 Day
Polypropylene None 4°C Protect from light
injection Epinephrine hydrochloride 2 µg/ml
injection Fentanyl citrate 2 µg/ml
injection Bupivacaine hydrochloride 1 mg/ml
180 Day
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